Marketing and Advertisement free essay sample

The concerns Introduction-What Is Advertisement, A Marketing Tool? Advertisement is a communication tool, used in marketing to promote the product in public. The main aim is to increase the sales, through perfect promotion (Percy and Elliot,2012). Advertisement is one of the key factors in brand building and sustaining the same. The main aim of advertisement is to remind and persuade the existing and potential customer to make a purchase decision. Advertisement should be deep and fresh in consumers mind for them to easily remember the product and brand. Thus advertisement is an essential tool to marketers to measure the consumer reference. lf advertisement fails, then the money and effort put into it is for waste. The means of advertising is basically Medias like television and internet now a day, with less importance to press and posters. To be precise, advertisement techniques are imaginative and is not a fool proof technique (White,2000). We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing and Advertisement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page With the above statement it can be clearly understood that there are drawbacks to advertisement. Which can indeed turn out to be the critics as well as concerns which can curtail the impact of advertisement to both advertiser and the targeted consumers? Whether his can be right or can be nullified is the biggest challenge in front of a marketer (Percy and Elliot,2012). So the future lies in the hand of studies which can come up with valued elements and truths to overcome the concerns. Below, are some of the concerns of advertisements and an inside look. The Future of Advertisement with an In-depth Analysis on Concerns Advertisement is everywhere, every day we tent to see a lot of different form and type of advertisement. Due to this many concerns have come up. Lets discuss a few below. ) Advertisement creates irrelevant desires: To begin with, advertisement at times end to create a look out for unattainable goals. The perspective of a common man are challenged. At certain point it creates pointless wants and exaggerates the need for a perfect life (Percy and Elliot,2012). That means transforming a normal product into a desirable product. So advertisement can change the identity of the product. In a nutshell advertisement can give di fferent meanings for a single product(Trampe,Stapel and Siero,2010). For example: High heel shoes was meant to be introduced as a neutral product, however consumers took it as a means to enhance self-image and beauty due to the advertisement(Trampe,Stapel and Siero, 010). Although there are critics which blames other social elements to be a part in such concerns, like movies and magazines portraying such an image, I strongly believe that the concern is true when it comes to majority of brands, especially cloths and accessories. Fashion and trend is often regulated by advertisement. b) Advertisement is deceiving: The second most concern about advertisement is that, it is misleading. Some advertisement tend to hold things which are not there in the actual product. Like the advertisement will value other aspects rather than valuing the actual product(Percy and example: Using images in dvertisement. Lot of cosmetic brands and fashion magazines are used to put up images of women to target the segmented customers. So that they can be fooled by the image which are not related to the actual product. Even then the consumers have a urge to try the product hoping that they turn out to be like the image shown in the advertisement (Perez ,2011). To an extend the concept seems to be a concern, I strongly stand against that because as a human being people should have the common sense and market knowledge to understand that these kind of images cannot mislead them in trying out a product. c) Advertisement disgrace our ntelligence: Thirdly, advertisement is said to insult the brilliance and intellect of a person. Once the concept hits, both the advertiser as well as the consumer can get confused. An advertiser may advertise a product but since different sector of people have different views and thinking capacity, it may be taken as a disgrace by some. This may be a drawback as they may miss a genuine product (Percy and Elliot, 2012). For example: Human models and cartoon characters used in cigarettes, beer and non-alcoholic beverages. Which in turn, a certain majority felt as an and Hunn,2000). By far i agree to this concern, as this appens more than not in many beverages advertisement. Seen people offended by the advertisement and dropping the product. d) Advertisement not adhering to ethical values:Finally,advertisement is valued as unethical. There are set codes and rules for advertisement, then also some advertisement brakes the line to go beyond the ethics as the legal side cannot bind the ethical values (Percy and Elliot,2012). For example: The sexual objectification of women in advertisement. This was a highly discussed concern as surveys show the impact was so deep. Young graduated, women fell in pray for such advertisement techniques (Zimmerman and Dahlberg, 008). believe that this concern is not up to the mark, as long as it does not affect or harm, does it really matter? Conlusion By far advertisement is one of the powerful communication tool in marketing and sales. As the means and reach of advertisement is wide and it covers entire segment of consumers, its relatively the easiest mode of promotion. So it can be said advertisement has a future. Since the future of advertisement is of wide scope, its important to take all the above concerns into count (Cappo,2003). The advantages of advertisement and the modern era of life style helps the marketers in targeting ifferent group of consumers differently. The technology growth is enhancing the concept of advertisement.

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte

Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte Introduction â€Å"Jane Eyre† is a tragedy and romantic novel which was written by Charlotte Bronte. It was adapted into film by Robert Stevenson in 1944. â€Å"Jane Eyre† is partly an autobiographical novel which filled with romance and tragedy in the life of Jane Eyre. At the age of nine, Jane Eyre had lost her parents and was an orphan. She went to live with her aunt Mrs. Reed. (Bailey, 115)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Jane Eyre† by Charlotte Bronte specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mrs. Reed was a sister to Jane’s father and her family was the only family Jane had so; she went to live with them. But the Reeds did not see Jane as a blood relation rather; she was treated as an outsider. While in the home of the Reeds, Jane was physically and emotionally abused by her aunt Mrs. Reed and her children. (Niemann, 214) This comparative essay will highlight the differences between Ste venson’s 1943 film of â€Å"Jane Eyre† and Charlotte Bronte’s novel. Apart from Stevenson’s film not maintaining a first narrator as the novel does, it is arguably the best adaptation of Charlotte Bronte’s novel. A central theme that Stevenson’s film emphasizes which is not a prominent theme in the original story by Charlotte Bronte is Jane’s perseverance all through the story. Bronte’s original story narrates Jane’s story as an orphan who finds joy at the end of the story but Stevenson’s film tells the story of Jane as a person who went through a lot of pain and discrimination but did not give up. The problems which Jane faced as an adult and a child will be discussed in this essay. Comparing the film â€Å"Jane Eyre† to Bronte’s original novel â€Å"Jane Eyre† is a novel which was originally written by Charlotte Bronte and it has been adapted into film 3 times. It was adapted into film in 19 13, 1915 and 1921. Out of all the adaptations, Stevenson’s 1943 adaptation is considered the best because; his adaptation has a unique and slightly different pattern of the Jane Eyre story. (Rowland, 241) In the original novel of â€Å"Jane Eyre† written by Charlotte Bronte, Jane was portrayed as an evil child and she was treated badly for this reason. (Rowland, 281) Jane’s extended family perceived her as an evil child and this same notion of Jane been an evil child manifested again when her employer stumbled from his horse. After Jane’s employer stumbled from his horse, he accused Jane of been an evil person and the reason why he stumbled from his horse. (Niemann, 302)Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In Stevenson’s adaptation of the â€Å"Jane Eyre† story, the problems of Jane Eyre are shown as norms of a class-oriented s ociety. People usually want to associate with other people who are of the same class to them. So, Jane was maltreated because her parents were dead, and she was seen as a poor girl. Life is usually tough and obstacles are always encountered in the process living. (Bailey, 400) There has never been life without problems. With the examples given above, there is a slight difference between Robert Stevenson’s adaptation and the original novel by Charlotte Bronte. Apart from the film not maintaining a first person narrator, it also, ends a little happier that the original story and this is noticed when the adaptation is constructively compared to the original novel. The ordeals of Jane as narrated by Robert Stevenson and Charlotte Bronte respectively Jane faced a number of problems in her life as a child and an adult respectively. (Bailey, 510) In the beginning of the story, Jane lost her parents to a deadly disease known as typhus and she became an orphan at the early age of nine . After losing both parents to the cold hands of death, she was compelled to live with her uncle’s family. Although Mrs. Reed perceived Jane as an evil child and she abused her physically and emotionally. (Rowland, 321) After leaving the home of the Reeds’ Jane goes into another world full of hatred in Lowood institution. While in Lowood institution, Mr. Brocklehust became Jane’s new tormentor. But, Jane soon finds happiness in Lowood Institution when she meets Helen. (Rowland, 212) Jane and Helen subsequently became friends but Jane’s happiness was cut short when she lost her only friend and confidant to the cold hands of death. (Niemann, 202) After leaving Lowood institution, Jane works as a governess for a very wicked and selfish employer, Mr. Edward Rochester. (Niemann, 412) Jane experiences a tough and difficult stay at thornfield but she and her employer Mr. Rochester eventually fell in love but they were forbidden to express it. (Bailey, 401) All t hese instances mentioned where the ordeals which Jane Eyre encountered during the course of the story. In spite of the fact that, Jane found happiness at the end of the story, it was a terrible and tough experience for Jane growing up. (Bailey, 615) There was no difference in her adult age and this made the story of â€Å"Jane Eyre† a tragedy. A central theme emphasized in Stevenson’s film that is not a prominent theme in Bronte’s novel Robert Stevenson produced the film â€Å"Jane Eyre† as a tragedy film but the central theme emphasized all through the film is the resilience and perseverance displayed by Jane. (Niemann, 815)Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Jane Eyre† by Charlotte Bronte specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the tender age of nine’ Jane had lost her parents to the cold hands of death due to typhus. This seemed to be the beginning of Jane’s turmoil . Been orphaned at that tender age, could have broken any child down but Jane persevered and overcame it. (Rowland, 116) After the death of her parents, Jane went to live with her aunt Mrs. Reed. But Mrs. Reed had her own reservations about Jane due to her daring spirit. (Niemann, 356) Mrs. Reed had expected Jane to be a withdrawn and timid child due to the fact that she had lost both parents at a tender age. But contrary to Mrs. Reed’s expectation, Jane was a daring child and not even the death of her parents affected her. (Bailey, 444) Mrs. Reed more or less discards Jane off to Lowood institution and she had already misinformed Mr. Henry Brocklehust that Jane was an evil child. (Niemann, 358) Mr. Brocklehust was in charge and ran the school. Due to Mrs. Reed’s accusation, Mr. Brocklehust harassed Jane in an environment which was already filled with impoverished and orphaned kids. (Rowland, 718) For other children, this could have been the breaking point because of t he pain and torture they had already encountered. But in Jane’s case, the pain and torture did not deter her. This type of resilience is what is needed in our today’s worlds to survive. (Rowland, 788) While in Lowood institution, Jane for the first time in her life found happiness through her friend and only confidant Helen. But that happiness was cut short when Helen eventually died. After leaving Lowood institution to work as a governess, Jane was still faced the challenge of been considered as an evil person. But even in the face of such torment, Jane still manages to make her hostile boss fall in love with her. (Bailey, 623) Conclusion Charlotte Bronte’s novel portrays Jane as a character who went through a lot of pain and societal discrimination but eventually found happiness at the end of the day by marrying the man of her choice. But in Robert Stevenson’s film, the character Jane is portrayed as a person who in the face of adversary and abuse, neve r gave up or broke down but rather persevered and conquered. (Rowland, 514) The central theme of the film â€Å"Jane Eyre† is resilience and perseverance. This is clearly expressed by Robert Stevenson as he highlights the problems of Jane and the things she lost while struggling to succeed. (Niemann, 611) During the course of the film, Jane endured the struggle between principle and passion.Advertising Looking for essay on american literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Also, during that period, she endured and overpowered temptations of the flesh and spirit. While Bronte’s novel simply portrays Jane as someone who eventually finds happiness after societal and family abuse, Stevenson’s film portrays Jane as a character who had resilience and was never gave up even when it seemed like all hope was lost and this made Jane a conqueror and a hero who eventually finds her heart desire due to her inner strength. (Niemann, 800) Bailey, Hilary. Mrs. Rochester: A Sequel to Jane Eyre. New York: Sloane hall, 2010. Print. Niemann, James. A Novel Inspired by Jane Eyre: Jane Eyre told from the first person- perspective. New York: Blackwell, 2010. Print. Rowland, Wiley. Jane Eyre. The Graphic Novel: London: Amy, 2003. Print.

Marketing Communication Activities Research Paper

Marketing Communication Activities - Research Paper Example Marketing communication activities are primarily aimed at building awareness of the existence of a business, its products, its services and its position. Such activities are done through advertising, trade show presentations, web sites, press releases, brochures and other public relations activities. This report will discuss the marketing communications activities for pre and post-launch aimed at optimizing food and beverage income for investors who are establishing a hotel. The report will also highlight the tools and approaches required for measuring the effectiveness of these marketing communication activities. Introduction The property at 45 Avenue de la Gare in Lausanne has been bought by the investment team that wishes to establish a hotel at the site. This report is a consultancy support paper that provides professional advice to the investment team on the marketing communication activities that it can be involved in so as to effectively deal with competition and market condit ions within the Lausanne area. The new hotel that is being set up is aimed at providing affordable luxury which appeals to mobile warriors and is attractive to a local hip crowd. The hotel is intended to have comfortable beds, social spaces and a business pop-up space to be used for short term retail meetings and small seminars. The new hotel is finally meant to have a welcome area, dining space, functional work-out space with basic gym equipment and space as well as being technologically relevant. The marketing communications activities are intended to pass across messages that the hotel is accessible, affordable, ambient, kid-friendly and functional. This report will highlight the marketing communication activities that the hotel can be engaged in so as to send messages to the potential customers that the hotel that the hotel is accessible, affordable, ambient, kid-friendly and functional. Marketing communication planning It is imperative that all marketing activities should be gu ided by a marketing communications plan which is strategically thought out so as to guide all marketing and promotion activities (Clow and Baack, p. 9). Marketing communications activities are all the programs that are designed by the marketing team to sell products, services or ideas of a business. These activities need to be planned for so that they can succeed. Market communication planning is usually made up of four major steps which are: 1. Research Research involves the systematic and objective gathering of pertinent information that will be used in determine what will messages will be communicated and to whom they will be communicated (Clow and Baack, p. 10). Research is necessary before planning is done and it can be done through browsing libraries, web sites and asking opinions of authoritative and reputable people. Research on marketing communication activities is necessary because it helps to find out the basic attitudes of customers so that we can know construct effectiv e messages. Research is also useful because it measures the true opinions of the various groups that will need to be communicated to. The hotel investment team should conduct research on market communication activities so as to identify opinion leaders who have influence over the target market. The hotel investment team will be able to minimize on costs since it will only concentrate on key audiences and valid objectives during the market

Bowling for Columbine Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Bowling for Columbine - Essay Example Michael Moore unveils that in modern world, many teenagers follow the example of adults and film heroes trying to obtain guns and use force against innocent citizens. For most of them, guns represent "adulthood", a stylish and trendy way of life. According to Jasis Ordonez-Jasis (2003) "Moore's film explores issues of violence and fear in U.S. society, particularly surrounding the Columbine tragedy of the morning of April 20, 1999, when 12 high school students and one teacher were killed, and dozens of others were wounded, by two fellow classmates" (Jasis and Ordonez-Jasis, 2003, p. 127). In this documentary, Moore uses specific techniques and methods to unveil the message of the film. Traditional definition of a documentary states that "the film is only the sum of the facts recorded on film, or, if you like, not merely the sum, but the product, a 'higher mathematics' of facts" (Michelson cited Bruzzi, 2000, 11). In "Bowling for Columbine", Moore goes beyond traditional documentary practices and norms using elements of fiction. Some critics accuse him in using "false" facts and "deception" which help Moore to influence perception of viewers (Hardy, 2002, Galupo, 2002). For instance, Hardy comments that "Moore leads the reader to draw inferences which he must have known were wrong. Indeed, even speeches shown on screen are heavily edited, so that sentences are assembled in the speaker's voice, but which were not sentences he uttered. Bowling uses deception as its primary tool of persuasion and effect" (Hardy, 2003). Taking into account "Bowling for Columbine", the mix ture of different styles and tools can be interpreted as a specific style of Moore which distinguishes him from other filmmakers. Critics suppose that "Bowling for Columbine" "analyzes with irony and poignancy the corporate, media, and government involvement in creating a climate of pervasive paranoia, exacerbating threats, while glorifying, justifying, or trivializing violence here and abroad" (Ordonez-Jasis, Jasis, 2003, p. 127). To prove this idea, Moore uses military and diplomatic actions conducted by the USA. Throughout the film, Moore uses dramatization and summarization as the main methods to create the message in "Bowling for Columbine". From the very beginning, the signs in the film suggest that maybe evil can prevail even in the presence of good. The severity of this notion carries much weight in the "real" world. The documentary and gritty feel of the film also gives realistic mood and that might signify the reality of everyday life. The trend towards more graphic violence in movies parallels the transition of the general viewing audience to a higher shock level. Viewers are shocked by facts and events depicted in the documentary. Critics criticize Moore for "using too much jokey music, and also for making himself the focus of the story once or twice too often. Mostly, though, he listens to people, in sorrow and outrage and raucous amusement; and what he hears, he communicates without a dull moment, except maybe one" (Klawans, 2002, p. 44). In "Bowling for Columbine", Moore selects the most impressive facts and events creating atmosphere of fear and terror. Some critics (Hardy, 2002, Galupo, 2002) accuse Moore in subjectivity, because he presents one side of the problem only. This method is not typical for documentary films (Bruzzi, 2000), but it helps Moore to depict the gap between expected,

Paper three Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Paper three - Essay Example However, as a means of comforting themselves, mourners frequently purchase silk linings, pillows, mattresses and other ‘comfort’ items that the non-living corpse will never enjoy, appreciate or even notice. These are the last gifts the living can ever bestow upon their loved one and allows the survivors to feel they haven't simply disposed of the body without ceremony or proper human respect. Although there would seem to be comfort in the belief in the body as merely a shell for the spirit, this idea simply does not offer the sort of comfort it should. As Lynch relates in his book, one woman mourning the death of her teenage daughter following a battle with leukemia reacted violently to the suggestion that the body before her was simple a ‘shell’, claiming "that is my daughter until I tell you otherwise" (85). Mourners continue to feel that their loved one is present somehow and families spend thousands of dollars on burial rites which would be unwarranted i f the body was just the shell. The increased mystery and horror associated with the corpse through children’s stories and zombie media outlets continues to suggest some element of the individual remains. As a result, the corpse retains a sense of power all its own, earning legal protections and capable of conveying more truths about the individual than the ‘shell’ theory would acknowledge. Much of the expense families suffer as a part of the funeral process is spent trying to preserve the body for eternity. Funeral homes make tremendous profit by selling mourners on the promise that the body will be preserved forever with embalming or high quality sealed caskets. Aiken (2001) points out families in California regularly pay as much as $5000 for a funeral in spite of much lower priced options opening the field to widespread corruption. Journalist investigations have revealed funeral home practices intentionally designed to inflate expenses while clergy members have openly admitted accepting a ten percent commission from funeral homes for their recommendations paid at a later date (Winner, 1999). Despite the promises, the only way to prevent the body from dissolving is to cremate the remains, both the cheaper of the available options and the one which automatically eliminates any hope of preserving the body as it was when living. In so many ways, modern society has continued to distance itself from death in ways that take some of the significance out of the event and make instead a frightening mystery. â€Å"Before the turn of the century, Americans may have been more in touch with death and as a result less fearful of the corpse. Farm accidents and childbirth complications caused many deaths in a more agrarian and pre-medically advanced society. Traditionally, Americans used to keep the deceased in their homes until everyone had a chance to view a body† (Emerick 43). By personally preparing the body for display in the front room and ho lding visitation within the home itself, people were more comfortable working with and around a corpse. As a result of this closer association with the dead body, they were also more comfortable with the related concepts of death and dealing with what was left behind. Children, witnessing these events, grew up without the same sorts of aversions to the dead that children today

Country Comparison of Ageing and Disability Policies

Country Comparison of Ageing and Disability Policies Similarities: All policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, harassment and victimization. All of them cover education, employment and public service. Both China and NZ address a specific act or law aim at disability, they cover and clarify more aspects such as welfare, culture, rehabilitation and environment. Differences: The Equality Act 2010 of UK replaces the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 addresses discrimination against age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership and pregnancy, maternity. Services must provide fair and appropriate accommodations to comply with the law. Disability is one of the act, and the act focus on equality, mainly against the discrimination. The act specially mentions accessibility for disabled pupils and assistance dogs. The UK values the education condition of minor disabled persons, protects the right of using assistance dogs. The law in China does not use â€Å"long term† to define â€Å"Disabled persons†. We can find many â€Å"special† in the law, that shows the society still treat disability as a special group, the government and social organization show their sympathy to disability, offer assistance to them, state the equal rights. However, based on the institution, normal disabled persons are fostered by their legal fosterers whom usually are their parents, special assuranceà ¯Ã‚ ¼Ã…’ treatment and pension will be provided to those disabled persons while on duty or for protecting the interests of the State and people. China has the National Day of Assisting Disabled Persons to show the value of disabled persons. The New Zealand Disability Strategy addresses that what individuals have are impairments, disability is a social problem that one group of people create barriers by designing living ways. The strategy does not only prevent discrimination and offering assistance, but also encourage and support the disabled persons and their families, promoting participation. Similarities: All of the policies address positive aging without discrimination, harassment and victimization. All of them cover participation, pension, housing and public transport. Both China and NZ address a specific act or law aim at aging, they cover and clarify more aspects such as health, rural and opportunities. Both of them address the elderly is very important for the society and they can make huge contribution. Differences: The Equality Act 2010 of UK addresses discrimination against age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex, sexual orientation, marriage and civil partnership and pregnancy, maternity. Services must provide fair and appropriate accommodations to comply with the law. Age is one of the act, and the act focus on equality, mainly against the discrimination. The act specially mentions pension, it more focuses on funding while others quality of life in the community. The law in China defines the age group which is above the age of 60. The governments use the community publicity and education to establish the social values of respecting the elderly. The governments award who have scored outstanding achievements in respecting the elderly. The governments mainly rely the elderly’s family to provide for the elderly. China has done well on enriching the elderly’s cultural life by encouraging non-governmental organization organizes cultural, sports and recreational activities of a mass character. Free or discount of public transport is not a compulsive requirement in this law, it is in light of local condition to supply. The New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy promote supporting older people to age in place and have a good quality of life in the community. Guide government agencies to provide services for older people. It involves a wide range of individuals, groups and organisations, and the strategy is keep on developing. The governments modify and improve the strategy frequently to suit new circumstance. The strategy covers the most wide field of all the three acts or laws. Similarities: All service delivery policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, removing or minimizing disadvantages, fostering good relations and promoting understanding. All service delivery policies involve central governments, local governments and educational bodies. Both UK and NZ address the advance of opportunity, their service delivery policies also involve private agencies, hospitals and health services. Differences: UK involves armed forces and police in the service delivery. China does not involve the private agencies in the service delivery because of the institution. China only plans to establish medical rehabilitation departments in hospitals to help disabled persons to rehabilitate. Chinese governments, departments and CDPF rarely supply practical help, their assistance stay at very low levels such as contacts, representing and consultation. Most key services should be paid by the disabled persons. NZ’ services provided by district health boards, GPs and other agencies. And the authority of decision-making is wide span. territorial authorities and non-departmental public bodies are involved to make service delivery policies, it helps to improve the service delivery polices. The New Zealand Disability Strategy will be full reviewed after five and ten years to develop. Similarities: All service delivery policies address fairness and equality without discrimination, removing or minimizing disadvantages, all of them include voluntary service and pension schemes. All service delivery policies involve central governments, local governments, educational bodies, public hospitals and private facilities. Both China and NZ emphasize to increase opportunities of the elderly for their community participation and growth. Both of them value the cultural and spiritual life of the elderly and mainly rely non-governmental organization to achieve. Both UK and NZ have complete public medical security, funds government and community agencies to provide services for older people. Differences: Based on the condition, China only provides basic public medical security. The main pressure of the elderly’s health security is put on their family. The governments encourage that non-governmental organization provides variety of activities, and NGOs did, but mainly concentrates in urban areas, the service delivery in rural parts is poor. Most of services only consider the elderly’s demand, ignore young generation’s feeling, it begins to cause conflicts between some older persons and some young persons. The quality of elderly healthcare is irregular in China, there is no uniform standard and lack of monitor. The law always address in light of local condition. The governmental organization in China protecting the elderly’s rights is neighbourhood committees in city, villagers committees in rural areas NZ’ government funds community agencies to provide services for older people, the service delivery policy has clear key actions and standards, has strict third-party supervision to ensure the service delivery quality. There are specialized organizations such as age concern and Elder Abuse and Neglect Prevention Services to help older persons. The strategy is reviewed frequently and is developed as well. That’s why the elderly and young generation can participate activities at the same time and get along so well. Zhen Chen

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Essay -- infection,

Introduction of Paper Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus is a very serious infection that affects the health of the public. The purpose of this paper is to give the public/reader a better understanding of what MRSA really is. This paper will include the different disease characteristics that come with the infection. Also, it will explain the most recent disease statistics; identify a person’s risk of contracting the disease, methods used to control the spread of the disease, and explain implications for disaster. Disease Characteristics of MRSA The causative agent in MRSA would be Staphylococcus aureus. According to the NIH, â€Å"The bacteria have been classified into two categories based on where the infection is first acquired† (NIH, 2014). The two different types of MRSA are Hospital-Acquired and Community-Associated MRSA. Hospital-Acquired MRSA has been around for a long time, it usually affects people inside a healthcare facility. For example, people who have had surgery or have had medical devices surgically implanted in them have been known to acquire MRSA. It’s also typically seen in patients who are elderly, or with people with a weak immune system. Patients who have undergone kidney dialysis or using venous catheter or prosthetics have been known to acquire MRSA (NIH, 2014). Patients who acquire MRSA in the hospital have an increased mortality rate and decreased longevity (Rogers, 2013). Community-Associated MRSA has caused a huge concern for public health professionals because of who can get it. All CA-MRSA strains typically carry a novel type of methicillin resistance locus that appears to cause less of a fitness burden (Otto, 2013). Unlike hospitalized MRSA, which can usually be traced back to a speci... ...es/mrsa/pages/default.aspx Heymann, D. (2008). Control of communicable diseases manuel. (19 ed.). Balitmore, MD: American Public Health Association Maurer, F., & Smith, C. (2013). Community/public health nursing practice. (5 ed.). St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Inc Sharma, A., Rogers, C., Rimland, D., Stafford, C., Satola, S., Crispell, E., & Gaynes, R. (January 01, 2013). Post-discharge mortality in patients hospitalized with MRSA infection and/or colonization. Epidemiology and Infection, 141, 6, 1187-98. Mossong, J., Gelhausen, E., Decruyenaere, F., Devaux, A., Perrin, M., Even, J., & Heisbourg, E. (January 01, 2013). Prevalence, risk factors and molecular epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization in residents of long-term care facilities in Luxembourg, 2010. Epidemiology and Infection, 141, 6, 1199-206.

Caase study

The two primary functions of Varian Magna Agricultural Cooperative Society (EVANS) are procurement of agricultural produce from the farmers & marketing it to the amandine, and procurement & supply of agricultural inputs to the farmers. The objective is to devise a strategy for EVANS for efficient use of funds with respect to procurement and sale. Criteria Benefit of the farmers should be the top priority while planning the strategy.Financial planning must be done carefully in view of the limited supply of funds. Variation of prices of payday as well as fertilizers during different seasons must be used to the advantage of EVANS. Since the society shares a good relationship with the bank, this must be leveraged to suit required credit facilities. Options We assume that EVANS maintains minimal liquid cash to handle administrative expenses and interest.Some of the relevant options are listed below: Option 1: Option 2: Option 3: Evaluation Option 1 Farmers get sufficient funds to plan lon g term Losing out on higher margins by selling payday at current price Cost benefit on early arches of fertilizers is marginal Initial cash balance Cash paid to farmers Revenue from payday sales +500000 Fertilizers purchase expense Overheads -35000 ODD Extension Option 2 Cost benefit by postponing payday sales is high Insurance for payday -10000 From reserves Option 3 Farmers get their part of their share on time Cost benefit on early purchase of fertilizers can also be leveraged Credit limit extension translates to higher interest Part payment to farmers -250000 -38000 -298000 Interest -15000 Decision The high cost of storage, labor and equipment and the low savings margin make the early purchase of fertilizers an unattractive option.On the other hand, there would be a significant loss with regard to opportunity cost since we are selling payday at the current price of INNER 5000 per ton. Moreover, a marginal extension of Overdraft limit is required to support operations. The higher margin on payday sales can be leveraged by holding the stock in storage for 6 months. The high overheads of storing fertilizers can be avoided. Since we have sufficient reserves, we can support daily operations with minimal funds. The objective of the Co-operative society is to benefit the farmers over the long run. If the members agree to give up part payment towards procuring fertilizers at the discounted price, they can get the coupled benefits of the higher margins on payday and reduced fertilizer costs. Therefore, we recommend option 3.Action Based on the calculations below, accounting for minimum and maximum possible price of payday in 6 months, we can bring about a substantial reduction in cost per bag of fertilizers. Min Max 630000 750000 Profit margin 130000 250000 (-) Interest Net profit from payday sales 210000 Fertilizer cost 475000 38000 Total Cost 513000 (-) Net profit from payday sales Revised Total Cost of Fertilizers 423000 303000 Revised cost per bag of Fertilizer s 222. 63 159. 47 Contingency Since our recommended option requires deferring part payment, the farmers do not receive the entire sale revenue right away. This option also requires the bank to allow an extended overdraft limit to EVANS. In the circumstance, that either or both parties are unwilling to accept this proposal, we recommend option 2 as a backup.

Market Revolution essays

Market Revolution essays The United States today which is a worlds largest economy and largest natural resources land. I am going to talk about the Market Revolution during 1815-1860. Where as during late 1815Â ¡s the US economy was still dependent on England, exported and imported manufactured goods, geared toward international trade, no domestic trade. And majority of farmers were subsistence/ Yeoman basically were independent farms. By 1860s the subsistence farmers transform into commercial farmers, transitioned into national economy, developed an industrial sector an second only to England, able to better export nations natural resources, and was the large domestic consumer market which generated far more wealth then it had been. Most of the Easter US was thick forests, no roads an undeveloped. During 1790 - 1815 there were two different political interests were the Republicanism (Jefferson) VS. Federalism (Hamilton). Hamilton and Jefferson each thought very differently about the direction of national economy. Jefferson Republicanism was the 3rd president during 1801-1809. Jefferson was most intellectually a gifted president and most eloquent with pen. Jefferson was a child of enlightenment, architects (he designed his own home), avid readers, involved with natural science, loved the French, and enjoyed living good European life. He was a man of Contradictions where slave owner opposed to slavery. He thought morally wrong and was dying institution. US economy was dependent of free trade outward oriented with exports and open foreign trade. Jefferson believed that for republic to work. Spokes person for individual right and believed that US had special role in history that leaded to an example. Government should protect of right a superior to all other types of government. Believed freedom is fragile and republic was likely to fail. Republic would spread since there was more appealing. Americans role to spread democracy by example, ...

Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and one of the leading preventable causes of death The WritePass Journal

Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and one of the leading preventable causes of death Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and one of the leading preventable causes of death IntroductionDiet – Alternative to SurgerySurgeryRelated Introduction Obesity is an increasing global health problem, and one of the leading preventable causes of death. The definition of obesity taken from the NHS website is; Obesity is when a person is carrying too much body fat for their height and sex. A person is considered obese if they have a  body mass index  (BMI) of 30 or greater . The main problem here is that there is numerous health problems linked to obesity, therefore if Obesity is helped and reduced, it would be like solving the root to the numerous health problems it is linked to. In other words instead of tackling the health problems that are caused by obesity, you tackle obesity itself which would then in theory lead to a general decrease in obesity related health problems. This will not only be beneficial to the patients, but in this current economic climate will save the medical sector money that they would use on treating obesity related health problems. Obesity is a medical condition in which an excess amount of body fat has accumulated within the body to an extent that it may have a harmful affect on health. This can in turn lead to reduced life expectancy and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The main problem here is that obesity increases the risk of many physical and mental conditions however regardless of this it is increasing and needs to be tackled. The main cause of obesity is a combination of excess food energy intake and a lack of any physical activity however there are cases when the cause is due primarily to genetics, medical reasons or psychiatric illness. In contrast increasing rates of societal level obesity is thought to be due to an easily accessible and palatable diet, increased reliance on vehicles and mechanized manufacturing. There are three main ways obesity is being tackled, and it is these three solutions that I am going to focus on in my study.; Diet, Surgery and Drugs. The main solution I will focus on will be surgery. Diet – Alternative to Surgery The classic approach to tackle obesity is a low-calorie diet; this still remains the core treatment of obesity. These diets have the best short-term benefits. There are three types of low-calorie diets that can be distinguished: Personalized and moderately restricted diet: This is dependant on a pre-therapeutic assessment. This diet takes into consideration the daily energy expenditure of each individual including their professional and family environment and their food habits. The desired level of caloric intake will equal to two thirds of the average energy expenditure; 1200 – 2000 calories per day. Low-calorie diet: Total caloric intake averages 800 – 1200 calories per day. This is a considerable reduction in the individuals daily intake and can not be maintained for a long period of time as the patient’s physical activity is hindered and the body is faced with nutritional deficiencies. This ambitious treatment is proposed during hospitalization. Very low-calorie diet: This is a less than 800 calorie per day diet also known as a protein diet. The medical follow up to this must be very accurate.   Cutting off the usual supply of calories the body gets causes the body to break down fat in order to supply itself with energy thus causing the patient to lose body weight. This dietary treatment is effective for short term benefits however requires a lot of dedication on the patient’s behalf. Surgery A  laparoscopic adjustable gastric band also known as a lap band is an inflatable device made of silicone that is placed at the top of the patients stomach through laparoscopic surgery. Laparoscopic surgery also known as Keyhole surgery is a modern technique of surgery in which operations that take place in the abdomen are carried out through small incisions, usually measuring from 0.5-1.5cm. This type of surgery uses images displayed on a monitor which can be magnified. Keyhole surgery is a very beneficial and efficient procedure as the patient feels less pain and discomfort and recovery time is considerably reduced. Gastric banding is the least invasive surgery of its kind however it carries the usual risks of any gastrointestinal surgical operation. The patient’s intestines are not re-routed as the stomach is not staples or removed therefore the patient is able to absorb nutrients from food in a normal procedure. Gastric bands are able to stay without causing harm in the patient’s body as they are made entirely of biocompatible materials. They way this procedure works is that the gastric band is placed on the top portion of the stomach using keyhole surgery. The placement of the band creates a small pouch at the top portion of the stomach. This pouch approximately holds about half a cup of food, in contrast to its normal six cups of food. The pouch fills up quickly; this is where the band comes into effect. The band causes food to pass slowly from the pouch into the lower part of the patient’s stomach. As the upper part of the stomach fills the brain is sent a message that the stomach is full therefore the patient’s hunger dies. This causes the patient to eat a reduced amount of food and stay full for a longer period of time thus decreasing overall caloric intake which can lead to a decrease in weight over time. As the patient starts losing weight the gastric band will need to be adjusted to ensure effectiveness and improve comfort. It is adjusted using a saline solution introduced through a small access port placed underneath the skin. To avoid damage to the port membrane and prevent leakage a specialized non-coring needle is used. This graph has been taken from www.bmj.com and gives an overall idea of the extent to which a gastric band can help weight loss. According to the study participants who had a gastric band lost 22% of their body weight in two years in contrast to the controls who in which only lost just 6%. This resulted in the ‘gastric band group’ to be healthier and happier. This is one proof of evidence that shows that this type of solution to tackle obesity is highly effective. I do not believe taking drugs alone such as AMPHETAMINES is effective as there are many side effects and there have been many cases where patients have become addicted and dependant on the drug itself therefore I do not look at this as a solution personally. Gastric Banding I believe is the most appropriate as it shows and has been proven to considerably decrease body weight and help obesity. And being a laparoscopic surgery rather than open it has its many advantages; Reduced chance of needing blood transfusion as haemorrhaging is reduced. Small incisions are used which reduce pain and discomfort to the patient. In addition recovery time is reduced along with less post-operative scarring Less pain due to small incisions also means that less pain medication is needed Procedure times are slightly longer however, hospital stay time is less often same day discharge. So patient can be back to everyday life more quickly and efficiently. Exposure of organs is reduced due to small incisions therefore chances of contamination and disease are reduced. However it does come with its disadvantages; Due to the small incisions the doctor has a limited range of motion at the surgical site. Dexterity is lost. Poor depth perception Tissue can be damaged due to tools being used rather than hands. However I believe the advantages outweigh the disadvantages so keyhole surgery is a effective and efficient solution. However I believe the advantages outweigh the disadvantages so keyhole surgery is a effective and efficient solution. There are many risks that come with this type of surgery as with any type of surgical operation. The biggest risk is from an instrument called a trocar. Injuries are caused to either blood vessels or small or large bowel. This risk is increased with patients that have a history of prior abdominal surgery. Benefits of gastric banding compared to other bariatric surgeries. There are many benefits of gastric banding compared to other bariatric surgeries. Mortality rates are considerably lower; 1 in 2000. Due to small incisions, keyhole surgery recovery times are very short along with a short hospital stay. These benefits can make the surgery greatly appeal to the patient as along with losing weight, the pain and overall time is small. Bibliography [1.5] Google images. [2.5] Wikipedia. AS Biology CGP Revision Guide. – overall knowledge [3.5] Dr Patrick Jordan . [1] http://obesity_epi.tripod.com/solving_the_problem_of_obesity.htm  Ã‚  Ã‚   [2] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obesity [3] globalissues.org/article/558/obesity [4] nhs.uk/Conditions/Obesity/Pages/Introduction.aspx [5] nhlbi.nih.gov/health/public/heart/obesity/wecan/healthy-weight-basics/obesity.htm [6] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastric_banding [7] bmj.com/content/332/7550/1146.full [8] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laparoscopic_surgery [9] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trocar

Role of Government in the Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Role of Government in the Economy - Essay Example From this research it is clear that the government has provided guidance to the progressive movement of the economic activities taking place with the intention of sustaining the continuous economic growth; as well as providing employment and ensuring the stability of the prices of good and services. This means that in the US, the government has an involvement in the acceleration of the economy’s growth rate through the adjustment of such distributions. Other factors include the spending of funds and tax rates through the government management of money supply with the application of control to these monetary policies. Although having said this, it does not necessarily imply that the term would indicate the complete control on economic activities, rather, the term only suggests how the government plays an important role in the stabilisation of the economy.This essay highlights that  Neo-classical economics concentrates predominantly on the importance of individual and personal economic preferences, market equilibrium, and the balance between supply and demand.  These points are at the center of the neo-classical suppositions of the economy, which are the main trend to the perspective idea of capitalism. The most basic unit of the theory of neo-classical economics evolves into the concept of individual ownership, and initially its focus is on how individuals decide or manage their properties. This theory is primarily concerned with how an individual enjoys the profits in the context of the benefits that they receive from their properties, and thus changing the amount by which will be gained from their property which may also attribute to the social convenience or suffering (Veblen, 1969). Veblen (1969) also believed that an individual can be compared to a computer that mechanically benefits through its given data. The change of that data itself might result in them knowing to put themselves into a position where they will be able to meet various needs. This is the idea of capitalism, a social system that favors individual needs and rights. The neo-classical theory focuses onto the consumer, and how individual consumption will powerfully influence the behavior of the production, the needs of the consumer that has been granted by the market (Goodwin et al, 1997). The stability of the equilibrium in the economy is in the equal distribution of supply and demand. Every individual based on this theory has the right to be involved in the â€Å"free market†, wherein sellers and buyers have each others contribution in setting the price of a particular product (Barrons, 1995). Through this principle, it is not the government that will control the supply and demand of a p articular product as the free market is governed with the market forces (supply and demand), wherein prices are set toward equilibrium. This maintains the balance of the demands as opposed to the supply of the products. Although the government does not possess an absolute power over the economy, the government does have the role in the economic development which, according to neo-classical theory is essential to economic growth. The main responsibility of the government in the economic sector is to secure business cycles which do not mean harm to individual rights, constituting peace and order and protecting every citizen, both consumers and capitalists against frauds and the

Teaching Plan for Practical Skill and Techniques of Peripheral Essay

Teaching Plan for Practical Skill and Techniques of Peripheral Intravenous Cannulation - Essay Example This teaching plan shall provide an easy format to help teach medical staff like the nurses, midwives, physicians and surgeons on this procedure. The objectives of this teaching plan are to enable the student to know the devices and equipment used for this particular procedure. While learning, the students should know various parts of the body which are the best insertion sites. The students should also be able to completely do the procedure successfully and be aware of any associated complication and how to handle them. There are several learning theories that have been brought forward, the three main ones are behaviorism, cognitivism, and constructivism. These theories merely try to explain how we learn. The behaviorist theory focuses mainly on the observable change .To modify people’s attitudes and responses, behaviorists believe that you either change the stimulus conditions in the environment or change what happens after a response happens. Behaviorists generally ignore t he internal factors of learning but on the contrary the cognitive learning theorists stress the importance of what goes on within the learner. Cognitive learning allows a student to think critically and gather information to acquire and develop his/her skills. It is therefore important in plan to teach certain skills that a conducive environment is provided to ease understanding of complex procedures. Lastly the constructivism focuses developing one’s learning from personal experiences. This simply applies a teacher must take into consideration the experience of the student thus provide sufficient room for practice either through simulations or with a real patients. Individuals may prefer a particular method of learning or different style and it’s the teacher’s judgment to decide which theory works for his student. The most common method used by many teachers is when students perform the cannulation under the supervision of a competent clinical procedure teachin g staff. There are several preferred learning styles by the students may opt one being the practical on an actual patient. In this case the practitioner or teacher must be present and ensure that the student has sound understanding of the procedure and anticipated outcomes. These may be both complications and expected anticipation. The other method could be the use of a simulated environment this can be used especially with students who have high anticipation to lower the pressure of dealing with an actual patient. For such students I would focus on building their psychomotor skills so that they build up confidence and it’s more practical to teach the students in parts. In such an environment the students can discover and learn different methods of performing the skills and also learn to correct errors that they make without fear of harming patients. These students would have enough practice before they can actually perform their first clinical procedure in an actual environm ent. Another technique that also uses non patients is use of videos from audio visual libraries to give the students a view of â€Å"real† patient scenarios. Although it has its disadvantages it also helps especially by filling the gap when real patients are not available. Similarly models may be used in teaching procedures like the intravenous cannullae insertion. This is very useful especially for students who have never performed such